Sieze and the third estate essays

Sieze and the third estate essays What the Third Estate Contributed to The Declaration of the Right of Man and Citizen Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes was a French revolutionary who changed the course of the revolution with his famous pamphlet What is the Third Estate. As written in Baker, this pamphlet shaped the demands of the Third Estate during the election of the States-General, defined their political strategy, and elaborated principles that were to become fundamental to the subsequent development of revolutionary ideology (Baker, 1987). Sieyes defines the Third Estate, what they have meant to French policies, and what they want to establish for themselves in politics in the future. Sieyes argues that the Third Estate deserves a voice in the policies and laws that rules their lives and not by those of the privileged do not have to live by the same laws. In his definition of the third estate as a nation, Sieyes argues that the third estate embodies everything that a nation needs to survive: first, they control the land, which does not necessarily mean that they own it, but they are the people who work the land and allow for land to prosper. Second, they increase the value of the goods from that land through human industry by becoming consumers of the product that their labor produced. Between production and consumption of goods is the third importance of the third estate to the nation and that is through dealers and merchants. These are the people who sell the goods for the owner and cause the other members of the third estate to buy products at the inflated price. The fourth contribution embodies all other general or menial tasks done by the third estate, which, in turn, supports all of society as a whole. Sieyes concedes that with in the third estate in lies the potential of everything a nation needs to be great. With out the first two estates, the nation would not be weaker, but stronger. The privileged order could not surv...

Definition and Examples of Structural Violence

Definition and Examples of Structural Violence Structural violence refers to any scenario in which a social structure perpetuates inequity, thus causing preventable suffering. When studying structural violence, we examine the ways that social structures (economic, political, medical, and legal systems) can have a disproportionately negative impact on particular groups and communities. The concept of structural violence gives us a way to consider how and in what forms these negative impacts occur, as well as what can be done to curtail such harm. Background The term structural violence was coined by the Johan Gultang, a Norwegian sociologist. In his 1969 article, â€Å"Violence, Peace, and Peace Research,† Gultang argued that structural violence explained the negative power of social institutions and systems of social organization among marginalized communities. It is important to distinguish Gultang’s concept of violence from the term as it is traditionally defined (physical violence of war or crime). Gultang defined structural violence as the root cause of the differences between people’s potential reality and their actual circumstances. For example, potential life expectancy in the general population might be significantly longer than the actual life expectancy for members of disadvantaged groups, due to factors like racism, economic inequality, or sexism. In this example, the discrepancy between the potential and the actual life expectancy results from structural violence. Significance of Structural Violence Structural violence enables more nuanced analyses of the social, cultural, political, economic, and historical forces that shape inequality and suffering. It creates an opportunity to consider seriously the role of different types of marginalization – such as sexism, racism, ableism, ageism, homophobia, and/or poverty – in creating lived experiences that are fundamentally less equal. Structural violence helps explain the multiple and often intersecting forces that create and perpetuate inequality on multiple levels, both for individuals and communities. Structural violence also highlights the historical roots of modern inequality. The inequities and suffering of our time often unfold within a broader history of marginalization, and this framework provides a critical context for understanding the present in terms of its relationship to the past. For instance, marginalization in post-colonial countries often connects closely with their colonial histories, just as inequality in the U.S. must be considered with respect to complex histories of slavery, immigration, and policy. Structural Violence and Health Today, the concept of structural violence is widely used in the fields of public health, medical anthropology, and global health. Structural violence is particularly useful for examining suffering and inequity in the sphere of health. It highlights the complex and overlapping factors that influence health outcomes, such as in the case of health disparities (or inequity) between different racial or ethnic communities in the U.S. or elsewhere. Paul Farmer’s research, writing, and applied work in the field of global health has brought significant attention to the concept of structural violence. An anthropologist and physician, Dr. Farmer has worked in this field for decades, using the lens of structural violence to show the connections between vast differences in wealth accumulation and related disparities in health care and outcomes around the world. His work emerges from the intersections of public health and human rights, and he is the Kolokotrones University Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine at Harvard University. Dr. Farmer co-founded Partners in Health, an international organization that aims to improve preventable negative health outcomes in disadvantaged – and disproportionately ill – communities. Why is it at some of the world’s poorest countries are also the sickest? The answer is structural violence. Farmer and Partners in Health began working in Haiti in the mid-1980s, but the organization has since expanded to multiple sites and projects around the world. Projects related to structural violence and health include: The aftermath of the 2010 earthquake in HaitiTuberculosis epidemics in Russian prisonsReconstructing Rwanda’s health care system after the 1994 genocideHIV/AIDS interventions in Haiti and Lesotho Structural Violence in Anthropology Many cultural and medical anthropologists are influenced by the theory of structural violence. Key anthropological texts on structural violence and health are: Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor (Paul Farmer)Death Without Weeping: The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil (Nancy Scheper-Hughes)Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States (Seth Holmes)In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio (Philippe Bourgois) Structural violence is particularly prominent in medical anthropology, including the anthropology of global health. It has been used to analyze a variety of topics, including but not limited to substance abuse, migrant health, child mortality, womens health, and infectious disease. Sources Farmer, Paul. Haiti After the Earthquake. Public Affairs, 2011.Kidder, Tracy. Mountains Beyond Mountains: The Quest of Dr. Paul Farmer, a M an Who Would Cure the World. Random House, 2009.Rylko-Bauer, Barbara and Paul Farmer. Structural Violence, Poverty, and Social Suffering. The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty. April 2017.Taylor, Janelle. Explaining Difference: Culture, Structural Violence, and Medical Anthropology. Office of Minority Affairs at Diversity, The University of Washington.

Mothers' Health Conscious Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mothers' Health Conscious - Essay Example This essay talks about the survey analyses regarding mothers food decisions for their families. 1,000 American mothers were included in the survey. Many respondents felt that major brands were not able to address their individual needs, which meant that changes in the food and beverage marketing have to be implemented so as to appeal to moms. This article by Ben Meridith was published in a website which advocates healthy living. By using distributions from a survey, it was able to support its claim that more people are awakening to the need for a healthy lifestyle. At the end of the article Meridith said, â€Å"while food corporations are not known for their healthy messages, we can hope that they will approach marketing with a refreshing honesty† which in a sense meant that there is business in providing healthy food. Hence, in total, the article was able to support the website’s advocacy – that a healthy lifestyle is the new trend. While the writer for this article was successful in supporting his claims, one cannot say whether his interpretation of the distribution was correct or not. This is because he stated only the percentage distribution and not the actual frequency distribution of the survey. Moreover, there is no way for this researcher to check on the actual questions posted to the respondents and determine whether or not questions statements might have affected responses. Aside from this, only the averages were reported and there was no way of computing other characteristics of the distribution.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Case Study Example The inputs are the tourists and passengers as well as the supplies such as the foods. The inputs are the personnel in different departments and the supplies such as the foods and beverages. The resources include the cruise ships, personnel while the output is the different services offered to the customers. This process is summarized in Figure 1 below. The location of CII affects several aspects of the firm. The location of the firm will affect the firm’s future expansion plan and policy, the diversification plan as well as the supply of raw materials. The decision to locate the headquarters at Miami which is one of the cities with the highest number of embankments in the United States brought the services closer to the customers. It is responsible for ensuring that the main propulsion plant and its auxiliaries are operated in a safe, smooth and efficient manner. The Chief engineer is responsible for to overseeing the overall operations of the engine department. The department is tasked with the responsibility of commanding and navigating the cruise ship. The highest officer in the department is called the Captain and is the staff who is ultimately responsible for the smooth navigation of the ship but can delegate the work to other members of staff. Production of high quality and appealing meals to the cruising passengers in the ship as well as the staff is tasked to the catering department. The department also employs waiters beakers, food and beverage managers as well as store keepers. CII is committed to provide high quality services to their customers, be it guests or travel agents. It is done by timely and accurate processing of all travel bookings with the highest respect and courtesy. The other aspects of the mission statement are the relationship with suppliers and the employees of the company. The company acknowledges the importance of the suppliers and distributors as well as their right to make a fair

Richardsons Pamela or Viture Rewarded Essay Example for Free

Richardsons Pamela or Viture Rewarded Essay A book can be moral if it raises moral questions even if it doesnt provide moral answers. That is the view of Marilyn Edelstein, associate professor of English at Santa Clara University. Morality is a widespread term used in literature from the early beginnings. The writer uses the moral perspective to discuss the corruption of the society or even the era in which he lives as a whole, to provide moral lessons and help to replace vice with virtue. There are many writers used to present moral lessons through their literary works. For example, Samuel Richardson is one of the most popular and admired writers of his time. Richardson’s Pamela is considered the best example to reveal about the moral element in literature. So let us shed lights on the moral element through Richardson’s Pamela. Many of the objections to Samuel Richardsons Pamela: or Virtue Rewarded have come about because of its alleged middle-class morality. Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela as an example of the value of moral behavior. Believing in the direct intervention of God, Richardson felt that virtuous actions led to success on earth as well as in heaven. The Novel was praised for its psychological veracity and its moral influence on the readers. Pamela is the symbol of morality in Richardsons Pamela or virtue rewarded. Pamela is a 15 years old servant girl who struggles to keep her virginity. During the past three years, Pamela has been serving the kindly Mrs. B but unfortunately she just died and her son Mr. Squire B takes control of the house hold. He begins to flatter Pamela but she resists all his attempts to seduce her. In letters to her parents Pamela reports her Master’s attempts and vows that she will suffer any injury or social penalty rather than sacrifice her chastity. Her parents encourage this devotion to her virtue and advise her to leave Mr. B. ’s employment and return to home and poverty if ever Mr. B. makes a physical attempt on her. In spite of Mr. B. ’s continued harassment, Pamela does not manage to make the departure that she so frequently threatens. Finally, she resolves to go and, having resisted a final effort of Mr. B. to tempt her with money for her parents and marriage to a clergyman, packs her bags to leave. Unfortunately her attempt to escape Mr. Bs harassments fails because she was kidnapped and taken to Lincolnshire estate. As soon as she reaches the estate she planes to escape. Even though Mr. Bs several attempts to rape Pamela of her virtue, she has never stopped fighting back. Pamela is willing to protect her virginity no matter what. Pamela continues writing letters while in captivity, but as she does not know when she will be able to send them, she dispenses with salutations and signatures, so that they run together into one continuous journal. Pamela finds help in the character of Mr. Williams. Mr. Williams fails to deliver Pamelas letters to her family. Mr. B realizes the true self of Pamela through her letters. He admires her character and virtue which eventually led to his proposal to Pamela. Pamelas virtue is finally rewarded through Mr. Bs honest proposal of marriage. Pamelas virtue affected the young Miss Goodwin who is Mr. Bs daughter from a previous affair. Pamela succeeds in establishing the moral character of Miss Goodwin, who does not repeat her mother’s mistakes. The virtue described in Pamela was of a much broader and more significant scope. Pamelas effort to co-ordinate her human drives and the moral code she had learned represented the real conflict in Pamela. To the extent that her behavior was morally acceptable, she was virtuous. Pamelas ability to do what was right in spite of her own desires was the virtue Richardson intended to reward.

Christmas Essay -- Narrative Essays, Descriptive Writing

A few days before Christmas, Oxford street is swarming with last minute shoppers, laden with parcels and bags. Christmas is the highlight for many people, especially little childen, from as tall as your ankle to as tall as your knee. Small todlers were moaning and disappearing into the clothes racks like magicians disappearing in a puff of smoke entertaining the gullible audiences. Families and friends gradually emerge from clogged buses and congested trains, tired, exhausted and hungry even at this very early stage, as if they had spent the whole night awake, like a distressed parent waiting for their child to arrive home from a party but has still not arrived, two hours past their curfew. Oxford street is the main high street of the whole of England. It flocks many tourists, as though it has a force or power, just like opposite ends of a magnet attract one another. Oxford street is as long as I can possibly imagine; it is 10 time longer than any local high street and is as wide as six elephants put together. Oxford street contains a lot of various shop which other high streets have, plus some extra. It is as if Oxford street encloses a immeasurable proportion of England as it has a great deal of stores; some immense while some petite. It's not restricted - even Regents street is much more genteel like a magnificent pet and Bond street is tremendously aristocratic like a diamond engagement ring and only the posh shop there. Oxford street is one maze, with all sorts of mystical secrets to be uncovered and adventures to be explored and experienced. It is one colossal, huge, extensive, perpendicular road with a range of exits... ...ng for breath. As I walk through 'MK1', I can undoubtedly see that many shoppers were haggling over the price of purchases. Then someone barges into me and I very nearly fall over with the force of it. After I recover from my sudden fall, I widen my horizon and gaze upon particular groups of people. I get attracted to look at the people with loud voices. The brightness of the light decreases as the clouds begin to fasten together together structuring one massive cloud. It began to snow. The cold was beating on me. I felt the cold reaching my body even with wearing a thick layer of wool covered by a fur coat. It was as though I was wrapped with a sheep, which had never had its fur, trimmed. The bitter air smacks my face as I walk, without any energy and worn out, forwards towards the end of the road to relaxation.

Opinion Poll and Strong Public Opinion

FRQ: Public Opinion Public opinion polls are a way to link the public with elected officials. Members of Congress often use polls to understand the views of their constituents, but they must also pay attention to other political considerations. a. Identify two characteristics of a valid, scientific, public opinion poll. b. Explain why each of the following enhances the influence of public opinion on the voting decisions of members of Congress. †¢ Strong public opinion as expressed in polling results Competitive re-elections c. Explain why each of the following limits the influence of public opinion on the voting decisions of members of Congress. †¢ Legislators’ voting records †¢ Party leadership 6 points Part (a): 2 points One point is earned for each correct identification of a characteristic of a valid, scientific public opinion poll. Acceptable characteristics may include the following: †¢ Randomized sample †¢ Representative sample †¢ Question wording (unbiased, unambiguous) Large sample size/low margin of error Part (b): 2 points One point is earned for a correct explanation of why each of the following enhances the influence of public opinion on the voting decisions of members of Congress. †¢ Strong public opinion as expressed in polling results o Because of the desire to get reelected/electoral ambition o Because of the perceived obligation/duty to represent their constituents †¢ Competitive reelections o Because of the desire to get reelected Part (c): 2 pointsOne point is earned for a correct explanation of why each of the following limits the influence of public opinion on the voting decisions of members of Congress. †¢ Legislators’ voting records o To avoid being perceived as indecisive by voters/supporters †¢ Party leadership: o To avoid the risk of losing party support o To gain party support A score of zero (0) is assigned to an answer that is attempted but earns no points. A score of dash (—) is assigned to an answer that is blank or off task.

Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Student

Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Students An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Asian Computer College-Mayapa In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Fourth Year Students Presented By: Aizel Hernandez Benpar Lo Reyes Jhose Mariz De Roca January 2012 APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements in Technical Writing, this thesis entitled â€Å" Factors Affecting Career Preferences of Senior High School Student† has been prepared by Aizel Hernandez, Benpar Lo Reyes, and Jhose Mariz De Roca who are hereby recommended for oral defense.The Problem and Its BackgroundINTRODUCTION Our country suffers from multifarious crisis such as socioeconomic crisis, political crisis, and as well as financial crisis which is greatly affected by global economic crisis. Despite of all these crises, Filipinos are imaginative, creative, and courageous to surpass these obstacles in everyday life. Even though there are some companies affected by these crises which they are force to decrease their employees called as â€Å"recession†, some of them have job openings that offer new career opportunities to graduated college students. These job openings also offers a new challenge into their life – a great responsibility lies to his hand that someday will help his family strive to achieve wealthiest, use his acquired knowledge and skills when he engage into a job, and acted as one of the reinforcements in industry that would further improved the depleting economy of the country. All of these come first from wishes and aspirations that arises during childhood years that someday he or she will become a doctor, an architect, a teacher, a police, or an attorney to help those seek needs and help their family to ascend into poverty. According to Ginzberg and his associates, during the fantasy period play gradually becomes work-oriented and reflects initial preferences for certain kind of activities. This stage is the preparation for a child’s highly organized social life they will be required to adjust when they enter the first grade. Career preferences are free opportunity to select a desired career. It is also a decision-making in a confusing situation which occurs during the senior year of high school level. When one is confused in choosing a career, he relies on his friends and relatives. He was confused in a sense that he cannot make his own decision and not yet ready to get into college. According to Tiedemann, career development unfolds within the general process of cognitive development as one resolves ego-relevant crises. He further noted out those decision-making is a continuous process in which individuals will change their courses of career action, generally by leaving a setting or environment. Such as when a student is disoriented in his course he has been taken that will result in decreasing eagerness on that particular field. He decides to transfer in another school or to shift another course that really fits his own interest and. When one is unstable in making decision, these disoriented strategy may be repeated until achieve different bachelor’s degree which can be a major distraction of one’s future job. Super also considered indecisiveness as a period of developmental process when interest was not fully crystallized. Therefore, this study intends to determine the factors affecting career preferences among senior high school students. This factors that serve as preferences of student in choosing a career in college includes childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, peer/ friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, school guidance counselor; and anticipated problems encountered are presumed to affect the student preferences of their career.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMWe, as the student chose this topic because we are graduating student and we are now in the point of planning what career are we going to take. Still, we are undecided what course is suitable for us. We chose this because we want to know what are the factors that affects us to think what are we going to take. The study aimed to determine the factors affecting career preferences of senior high school students. Specifically, it sought to answer the following sub problems: a. What are the socio-demographic characteristics of the senior high school students in terms of: ? Sex ?Age ?Parents Educational Attainment ?Parents Occupation ?Size of Income ?Sibling Position b. What are the top three expressed career choices of the students? c. What re the preferences of students in choosing a career in college in terms of: ? Childhood ?Family/Relatives ?Peer/Friends ?Aspirations Values ?In-Demand Jobs ?School Guidance Counselor d. What are the anticipated problems encountered in making their career choice?HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDYThe following hypotheses are formulated for acceptance or rejection of study: The socio-demographic characteristics (such as sex, age, parents’ educational attainment, parents’ occupation, size of income, and sibling position) does not affect the career preferences of the senior high school students. The preference of student in terms of childhood aspirations, family/ relatives, values, in-demand jobs, and school guidance counselor does not affect their career choice. The anticipated problem encountered by students does not affect their career choice.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK THEORITICAL FRAMEWORKThe study is anchored on the theory of Donald Super which focuses on the development of life roles over the life span with emphasis on interrole congruence. His vocational concept as a part of self-concept is formed, it is the driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life. Vocational developmental tasks are derived from vocational stages which provides framework for vocational behavior and attitudes.VOCATIONAL DEVELOPMENTAL STAGESGrowth (birth-age 14 or 15), characterized by development of capacity, attitudes, interests, and needs associated with self-concepts;Explanatory (ages 15-24), characterized by a tentative phase in which choices are narrowed but not finalized;Establishment (ages 25-44), characterized by trial and stabilization through work experiences;Maintenance (ages 45-64), characterized by a continual adjustment process to improve working position and situation;Decline (ages 65+), characterized by preretirement considerations, reduced work output, and eventual retirement.The crystallization task (ages 14-18) is forming a preferred career plan and considering how it might be implemented. Pertinent information is studied with the goal of becoming more aware of the preferred choice and the wisdom of preference. The specification task (ages 18- 21) follows in which the individual feels the need to specify the career plan through more specific resources and explicit awareness of cogent variables of the preferred choice. The implementation task (ages 21-24) is accomplished by the completion of training and entry into the career and develops a feeling of security in career position. The stabilization (ages 24-35) is reached when the individual is firmly established in a career and develops a feeling of security in career position. Finally, the consolidation task (35+) follows with advancement and seniority in a career. Super also identified six dimensions that he thought were relevant and appropriate for adolescents:Orientation to Vocational Choice (an attitudinal dimension determining whether the individual is concerned with the eventual vocational choice to be made);Information and Planning (a competence dimension concerning specificity of information individuals have concerning future career decisions and past planning accomplished);Consistency of Vocational Preferences (individuals’ consistency of preferences);Crystallization of Traits (individual progress toward forming a self-concept);Vocational Independence (independence of work experience);Wisdom of Vocational Preferences (dimension concerned with individuals ability to make realistic preferences consistent with personal tasks).This theory is found to be appropriate because of its stressfulness in terms of developing a career plan that will guid e the individual in choosing a career in college. Also, Super’s six-dimension is appropriate for adolescent is truly applicable because senior high school students are fall under this category. Another theory adopted for the research is David Tiedeman’s5 self-development approach to career. He believes that evolving ego-identity is of central importance in the career development process. He referred to the evolving self-in-situation from the earliest awareness of self to point at which individual becomes capable of evaluating experiences, anticipating, and imagining future goals, and storing experiences in memory for future reference with his context of Erik Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises. Self-in-situation, self-in-world and the orientation of work evolve as one resolves the psychosocial crises of life. He therefore conceptualized a paradigm for problem-solving as the mechanism of career decision making. His paradigm covers four aspects of anticipation or preoccupation (exploration, crystallization, choice, and clarification) and three aspects of implementation of adjustment (induction, reformation, and integration).ASPECTS OF ANTICIPATION, PREOCCUPATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND ADJUSTMENTAspects of Anticipation Or Preoccupation Characteristics EXPLORATIONThinking is rather temporary and evanescent in nature.There is consideration and reconsideration of possible courses of action.Through imagination, one experiences numerous activities by relating feelings of self within certain structures or premises.There is searching through projection into tentative goals.There is a focus on future behavior with alternative courses of action.There is a reflection upon aspirations, abilities, interests, and future societal implications related to career choice.CRYSTALLIZATIONThere is a continued assessment of alternatives.Fewer alternatives are under consideration.There is an emergence of tentative choices.Tentative choices may be reevaluated in the process of valuing and ordering.Goals become more definite and formed but are not irreversible.There is a definite more toward stability of thought.CHOICEA definite goal is chosen.There is a focus on a particular behavior necessary to reach the chosen goal.CLARIFICATIONThis period is marked by further clarification of self in the chosen position.Further consideration of the anticipated position lessens the doubts of the career position.A stronger conviction about the career decision is developed.This ends the anticipatory or preoccupation stage.Aspects of ImplementationCharacteristics INDUCTIONThis period begins the social interaction experience with career identification.There is a further identification of self and defense of self within the career social system.As acceptance is experienced within the career, part of self is merged with the accepting group.There is a further progression of individualized goal but within the framework of the totality of a career concerning social purpose.REFORMATIONThe career group offers acknowledgement of acceptance as a group member.There is assertive action on the part of the individual the career group and outside the career group, spawned by the newfound conditions.Assertive action takes the form of convincing others to conform to the self-view held by the individual and toward greater acceptance of modified goals.INTEGRATIONA compromise of intensions of goal is achieved by the individuals as he/she interacts with the career group.Objectivity of self and the career group is attained.Identification of a working member within the total system of the career field emerges.Satisfaction of a committed cause or action is at least temporarily attained.Tiedemann stressed out why individual change their courses of action because of external factors because of external forces (such as the call of the armed forces, an economic crisis, the work setting itself) or by broad psychological drives (such as unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion). According to the prescribed sequence, a new decision unfolds and must be made, beginning with exploration and eventually reaching integration. If integration is not reached once again, the individual may adapt to a career environment or may simply withdraw and begin a new search for eventual integration.THEORITICAL PARADIGMThe rationale between these two theories is one follows a vocational self-concept which is a driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life but there are some factors could might altered this pattern. These factors, such as external forces (called of armed services, economic crisis, work setting itself) and psychological drives (unmet needs, changing aspirations, role diffusion) altered the career patterns of individual. Super said that indecisiveness is a period in developmental process when interests have not been fully crystallized. Individuals lead to discriminate 2 or more choices of two or more occupational objectives when uncertainty about future occurs. Tiedemann noted that as individuals become more aware of the developing character of the career process itself, they are more willing to make changes and to alter or redefine a decision.CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKFuture-tension can be surpassing if individual has a preparation to overcome it. Career preparedness will help the student become more effective and successful in life with his chosen job. Childhood aspiration has a major role on individual’s striving force. As they grow older, the more they want, the more they will strive to get it. But external factors (environment and society) and internal factors (self-crisis and family) changes their aspirations in life. Such as when a child wants to be a nurse to cure a patient in his illness but because of her interest like drawing and painting changes his aspirations. His interest got more concentrated so she will take a course which is suitable for it. Some graduated high-school students gradually stop in pursuing their college career. Financial sustainability plays a major role in alterations of career life. They need to work in order to sustain their studies, as wells as to help their family about expenses and earlier exposure to a company. Career preferences, then can be conceptualized as a process of decision-making. It also involves a series of prime factors such as the socio-demographic profile (sex, age, parents educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling position). Likewise, it will identify the top three expressed career choices, preferences for the career choice such as childhood aspirations, family / relatives, peer /friends, interest and specialization, values, in-demand jobs, and school counselor; their anticipated problems encountered and how these problems affect the students in making their career preferences; and sibling position.CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM SCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThe respondents were taken from the different secondary schools in the City of Calamba. The senior high school students were whole selected as a part of the study. This study focused on their career preferences of senior high school students of different secondary schools here in the City of Calamba. It looked into their socio- demographic characteristics in terms of sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parents occupation, size of income, and sibling position; top three career choice; preference of students in choosing a career in terms of childhood aspirations, family/relatives, peer/friends, values, â€Å"in-demand† jobs, and school guidance counselor; and anticipated problems encountered in making their career choices. The researcher considered senior high school students as the respondents since some of them are still undecided of course they want to pursue and suffers from difficulties in deciding their last term in high school excluded lower years since they are not yet capable of making a career decision and still pursuing their target specialization.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYEducation is the totality of learning acquired by individual which is inherited from one generation to another, while career is serve as its application. The collaboration of these two fields plays a key in improving individual’s competence and professionalism and serve as their personal achievement. Therefore, this study is deemed significant to the following stakeholder for the following reasons:To the Students – The respondents are the center of the research because ultimately they develop the awareness of themselves, strength, and weaknesses for their career development by continually summarizing and reflecting upon what they are learning from home, school, and community. In totality, students are in charge of their own choice.To the Parents – In this study, parents will realize how important they are as a source of encouragement in which children are free to explore different areas of career preferences. This study will look forward in giving their children an assurance to acquire quality education that would enable them to obtain better job, better income, and brighter future.To the Teacher – This stu dy will give information to the teachers of ACC and LCBA as to the preferences of students such that they can focus on the skills needed by the students if ever the latter would pursue the career they have chosen.To the School Administration – The result of this study will help the school administration in putting up an effective, integrated career information and guidance system that plays a very helpful role in guiding students towards making the best possible career decisions.To the Researcher – The process and outcome of this study will produce a great satisfaction, competence, and professionalism to the field.Although the topic of the study is focused on career which belongs to the field known as Industrial Psychology, the purpose is to have a diversity and idea about the field rather than understanding the abnormalities of human behavior.DEFINITION OF TERMSThe following terms are conceptually or operationally defined to enhance the understanding of the readers of this paper.Crisis – an unstable or crucial time or state of affairs whose outcome will make a decisive difference for better or worse. In this study, crisis is mentioned into four: socio-economic, political, financial, as well as global economic.Recession – a period of reduced economic activity or withdrawal. In this study, recession refers to a decrease of employees in a company affected by economic crisis.Career – a field for or pursuit of consecutive progressive achievement especially in public, professional, or business life. In this study, career is the application of education whereby it is the totality of acquired knowledge.Ego-Relevant Crisis – is derived from Erik Erikson’s eight psychosocial crises such as *Trust*Autonomy*Initiative*Industry *Identity*Intimacy*Generativity*Ego-Integrity.Disoriented Strategy – displace from normal position or relationship. In the study, this term refers to mechanism of students when he or she is un stable in choosing a career which can be repeated.Socio-Demographic Characteristics – refers to sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income, and sibling position.Sibling Position – the position of respondent in his family, whether he or she was a first child, second child, third child, etc.Preference – other term for recommend ; the power or opportunity of choosing. In the study, the term career preference refers to the basis of student in choosing the course he wants whether it comes from his childhood aspirations, relatives, peer, his values in life, interest and specialization, and school guidance counselor.Childhood Aspirations – the child’s infantile wishes of what he wants when grew up.Interest – to induce or persuade ; to participate or engage.Specialization – to concentrate one’s efforts in a special activity of field.Values – refers to motivated drives the individ ual is striving to achieve their aspirations in life.â€Å"In-Demand† Jobs – refers to the majority of present occupation which many companies are in need for a particular job.School Guidance Counselor – is a type of counseling profession specialized in assisting the tudents in choosing their career in college and as well as vocational or educational problems.Anticipated Problems – the expected problems of student’s career choice. For example, financial sustainability, poor health, self-conflicts, etc.Self-Concept – the mental image one has of oneself.Vocational Self-Concept – a driving force that establishes a career pattern one will follow through life.Vocational Ego-Involvement – a term which describes Tiedemann’s self-development approach to career.Review of Related Literature and Studies Career preference is the process of decision-making.A great number of studies, researches, and write-ups has been conducted for a period of time and still emerged as one of the top-priority research due to rapid changing and need of time. This chapter is the presentation of literature and studies from foreign to local which may directly or indirectly bearing to study at hand. Relevance to present studies will give a big picture why these literature and studies from foreign to local are used.FOREIGN LITERATUREAccording to Howard stressed out that whenever students are in their high school experience, they are the center of learning. In a traditional high school, the center of the system is the content or subject, not student learning. Howard and Ill present a system to promote the shift from traditional content or subject –centered high schools to student-centered high schools which is called as Collaborative Career Pathways – a system of organizing the student learning interests and aptitudes around career paths. It provides a structure for students to reference their learning and comment each year of their high school experience. It allows students to plan and practice their skills while creating a smooth and successful transition to a post-secondary option. Goffredson’s Developmental Theory of Occupational Aspirations describes how people become attracted to certain occupations. Self-concept in vocational development is the key factor to career selection and people want jobs that are compatible with their self-image. The key determinants of self-concept are one’s social class, level of intelligence, and experiences with sex-typing. Roe’s need approach emphasized that early childhood experiences play an important role in finding satisfaction in one’s chosen field. The need structure of the individual, according to Roe, would be greatly influenced by early childhood frustrations and satisfactions. According to John Holland , individuals are attracted to a given career by their particular personalities and numerous variables that constitute their backgrounds. First of all, career choice is an expression of, or an extension of personality into the world of work followed by subsequent identification with specific occupational stereotypes. Accordingly, one chooses a career to satisfy preferred modal personal orientation. Modal personal orientation is a developmental process established through heredity and the individual’s life history of reacting to environmental demands. If the individual has developed a strong dominant orientation, satisfaction is probable in a corresponding occupational environment. If, however the orientation is one of indecision, the livelihood of satisfaction diminishes. LOCAL STUDIES According to the study conducted by Siguan Jr. (1994), it was found out that the students self-concept showed no significant influence on their career preferences. The academic achievements of students proved to be significant related to their career preferences. The school were students came from had no influence on their choice of career. He recommends that a more improved and functional guidance provided in school to help students make sound career choices. The guidance services in school must be collaborative efforts of the administrator, guidance counselors, and teachers. Classroom teachers are encouraged to do their best in improving teaching learning processes, considering that academic achievement of student influences their career preferences. Another tudy conducted by Almerino (2003), it was found out that a big picture of a big family with low educational attainment and inadequate investment was the sole foundation of choosing a course, which was psychologically motivated. The respondent’s level of preferred intelligence did not match to their chosen course. This could be drawn from the required level of the course in contrast with their level of preferred intelligence. The necessity of developing a career development program was need in order to prevent any misfits and to assist students in the process of crystallizing their career in life. She recommended that this program be effectively implemented. Personal interests, abilities, skills, and values are the most influential factors in coming chosen occupation by the participants according to Pabiton (2007). These imply that like other graduating students in high school students, the participants seemed to have chosen occupation. She also noted that the students be given all the chances to learn and develop the skills and attitudes required for various occupations. She recommends that career counselors could give more emphasis on this environmental factor during individual and small group career counseling.FOREIGN STUDIESAccording to the study conducted by Garcez (2007) , it was found out that by increasing career development activities, which includes setting career goals, students had a higher self- esteem. Maybe even more important, however, is that students were more satisfied about the education they were receiving. This will, in turn, hopefully lead to students ha ving a deeper desire and commitment to succeed in their education. Another outcome of a higher self-esteem, is that those students chose more difficult goals than students with low self-esteems. She noted that excellent detailed plan for teaching parents and teachers how to teach young students to set career goals. The plan requires a total community effort through educators, parents, and businesses. Students must be given an opportunity to identify and explore their desired careers. They can accomplish this through the â€Å"School to Work Transition† or â€Å"Job Shadowing Program. † Through the cooperative efforts of the entire community, students can identify career choices, set career goals, and have higher self-esteems at an early age.Ultimately, they will further their education and have a better chance of succeeding in the â€Å"do or die† world in which we live.LOCAL LITERATUREAccording to Elmer (1989), career planning is life goal-setting. Without such a plan, it is like making a journey to an unfamiliar destination without a map. He proposed a Career Planning Guide that will help the students in choosing their appropriate course from planning a career, steps in planning career, goal-setting and self-understanding. Also, it reveals that guidance and counseling is intervention of underemployment individuals and career preparedness must be initiated.SYNTHESIS OF THE PRESENT STUDIESThe studies reviewed provide ample evidence that career development program is in need and must have a collaborative efforts made by school administrator, teachers, and mostly guidance counselor in crystallizing student’s career decision. The teaching methodologies or strategies must be improved and concentrate on student’s learning and not by subjects.Research MethodologyThis chapter presents the research design, population and sample of the study, research instruments, data gathering procedures, and statistical treatment of data. RESEARCH DESIGN This study used a descriptive survey method used to assess socio-demographic characteristics such as sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income, sibling position; the top three expressed career choices; preference of student in choosing a career and anticipated problems that affect the career choices of senior high school students of Laguna College of Business and Arts and Asian Computer College. Descriptive research is a purposive process of data gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and then adequate and accurate interpretation about such data with or without aid of statistical treatment. POPULATION AND SAMPLE OF THE STUDY There are 173 respondents of this study came from LCBA and ACC but only 124 participated answering the survey questionnaire. Stratified random sampling is used to select randomly, samples from the different strata of the population. This type of sampling is used when the population has class stratifications or grouping either horizontally or vertically. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire checklist to gather the needed data for the student’s profile. The draft of the questionnaire was drawn out based on the researcher’s readings, previous studies, professional literature, published and unpublished thesis relevant to the study. In the preparation of the instrument, the requirements in the designing of good data collection instrument were considered. For instance, statement describing the situations or issues pertaining was toned down to accommodate the knowledge preparedness of the respondents. Open-ended options were provided to accommodate to free formatted views related to the topics or issues. In this way, the instrument is authorized to obtain valid responses of the students. Preference for the use of the structured questionnaire is premised on several research assumptions such as a) cost of being a least expensive means of gathering data, b) avoidance of personal bias, c) less pressure for immediate response, and giving the respondents a greater feeling of anonymity.In the end, it encouraged open responses to sensitive issues at hand.DATA GATHERING PROCEDUREThe first step before going to the testing proper is to make a request letter. Upon approval, the researcher retrieves the request letter. The Prefect-of-Discipline, as well as the High School Department OIC, class advisers and other faculty members were selected in the administration. In administering the questionnaire, the researcher was use the time allotted for vacant to avoid distractions of class discussions. The student responses were given enough time to answer the questions.After data gathering, the researcher now collected it for tallying the scores and to apply the statistical treatment to be used with the study.STATISTICAL TREATMENT FOR DATAThe responses made by students describing their socio-demographic characteristics, preference of choosing their career, and anticipated problems were presented. For instance, sex, age, parent’s educational attainment, parent’s occupation, size of income and sibling position. This was also applied for top three career choice and students preference in making his career choice. In providing overall picture of the socio-demographic characteristics and career preference, as well as anticipated problems in pursuing their studies and its effect on students, summary presentations will also presented. Responses to the questionnaire by senior high school students were statistically analyzed with the data requirements of the study. Students were statistically analyzed with the data instruments of the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, mean, percent and rank are considered.Review of Related Literature and StudiesIn this chapter, the data gathered from the senior students of Asian Computer College and Laguna College of Business and Arts in relation to the research objectives. This chapter discusses the result of the semi-structured questionnaire responded by 124 participants. Before the initiation of the research study the significance, rationale and purpose of the study were provided respondents. Furthermore, the respondents have also been given the assurance that all the data they will give are used for the purpose of the research and the identities of the respondents will be confidential. The object is to determine the effects of choosing career preferences in the College Degree. The conduct of this study entails a detailed account of the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. It is assumed that the attributes of the respondents influence their behavior and answers on the survey questions. Of particular significance to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the study – which is to be an instrument of analysis of the institution to gauge where it is now and where it is heading, thus what changes are to be made –is to be able to answer the research questions.

American Dream Synthesis Essay Essays

American Dream Synthesis Essay Essays American Dream Synthesis Essay Essay American Dream Synthesis Essay Essay Essay Topic: Synthesis B. J. Ann Period 3 10/31/13 When you come to America you are automatically thinking its some paradise and that youre about to live and fulfill the America Dream. The American Dream was probably developed in the US by someone coming to America and was able to get an education, a Job, and create a good life for themselves. It seems that now the American Dream isnt how is used to be, you dont have equal opportunities, not everyone can go to school, and if you fail at something youre looked down upon. My personal definition of the American Dream is that when youre coming to America oure expecting to have all these opportunities and make a life for yourself thats safe and where you will be treated equal and like a human being no matter where you come from. Personally, I think that the American Dream is accessible to those who are able to have a good life and push themselves to take chances and all opportunities that come at them. But its not accessible to those who think that failure is a dirty word and when they fail they Just give up and everyone including themselves loses hope. Also to those who cant even get these opportunities because of their parents or where they come from. When people are living the American Dream, you think that failure is out of the questions, if you fail you cant live your dreams, or anything and that you should Just give up. The Right to Fail by William Zinesser proves that the American Dream is accessible even if/when you fail once or even multiple times. The text says, Release him from the pressure of attaining certain goals by a certain age- he has a good chance of becoming g our national idol. This supports my claim because it shows that is youre pressured, you cant do what you should and when you are calm and elaxed, so many possibilities can happen and you can be whoever you want. They Live the Dream, by Dan Rather explains how if you fail, dont give up and that when something really bad happens if you dont give up, you can still live your dream. The article talks about a guy, named Oscar Acosta, was an amazing pitcher and had everything he could dream for but, when a torn rotator cuff ended his patching career, his life spiraled out of control, and he had, Just given up, but he did make it to the majors as a pitching coach. This quote supports my claim by how the text epresents that when you have every thing that youVe ever wanted in your grasp, anything can happen and it can all be taken away from you instantly but if you dont give up, many possibilities and opportunities can be achieved. Where you come from doesnt define you or the amount of succession you will earn and receive what you make of your life is your choice and dont give up when you fail. The Keynote Address, which was a speech given by Barack Obama in 2004 supports my claim because Obama speaks about how he got there, his family, and his origin. He had to have fail so many times to actually become president but its apparent that he didnt give up or else he wouldnt be the president. The excerpt says, Barack, or blessed, believing that in a tolerant America your name is no acting white. He grew up not so wealthy but still received significant education. Although he was acting white reading a book he had to ignore it because at least he is getting an education. Also his name, family, and origin shouldnt be what completely make a person or their decisions/ opportunities. The American Dream is accessible to those who will fail but push themselves to o better but not accessible to those who give up after faili ng and lose hope in themselves and others. When you fail at something thats important that doesnt exactly mean that you should give up because if you keep pushing yourself to well then you can pursue your dreams. If youre born into a family that isnt wealthy or perfect or you are a certain race or religion that does not define what you do with your life. The American Dream can be accessible and achievable you Just shouldnt let society or your origin define who you are and what dreams you have.

A quick guide to understanding what it takes to be a teacher

A quick guide to understanding what it takes to be a teacher We all remember our favorite teacher in school and how that person has positively affected our lives to this day. Whether it was advice or being that person who just made learning so fun and interesting we just couldn’t wait to get to their class. Teachers are important and they play a big part in our lives.  They help teach, shape and influence the lives of all children. Their drive and skill to help children reach their full potential  are remarkable. Here is a quick guide to help understand how teachers are the teaching heroes of the world.Source [ USC Rossier ]

History of penicillin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of penicillin - Essay Example In 1896, a French medical student, Ernest Duchesne was the first person to notice Penicillin. Later in 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming re-discovered the drug while working at St. Marys Hospital in London. Fleming discovered an interesting phenomenon with a plate culture of Staphylococcus. He was able to notice that the culture had produced a blue-green mold, which consequently dissolved colonies of bacteria surrounding the mold (Bellis, 4). After a couple of months, further research in to the phenomenon revealed that the mold produced an unknown substance, which dissolved the bacteria. The research also revealed that this mold was not harmful to animals but it was able to kill disease-causing organisms especially bacteria (Hare, 1). In 1939, Dr. Howard Florey, and three partners at Oxford University were able to show that penicillin was actually capable of killing bacteria that cause diseases. They discovered this by conducting intensive research in the capability and strength of the drug. However, there was a challenge, which hindered scientists from Britain to conduct intensive examinations of the drug with humans. This was due to the intensified war with Germany, which rendered the scientists unable to produce adequate quantities of penicillin for human trials. As a result, these British scientists turned to the United States for help. After several intensive experiments in the Peoria Lab, these scientists worked on various methods to increase the growth rate of fungal cultures (Bellis, 6). On 24 August 1940, there was the first publishing of Oxford papers, which showed the capability of penicillin in treating experimentally infected animals. Later, on 2 September same year, Fleming demonstrated that penicillin had the capability of producing total inhibition of staphylococci in human blood (Hare, 21). In 1943, scientists carried out the needed clinical trials, which demonstrated that penicillin was the most effectual antibacterial agent to

Incident at the Construction Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Incident at the Construction Company - Essay Example A report of the accident was furnished soon after. Because of the injuries he sustained Mohammed requested for a one-week leave. He suffered a mild head injury, plus wounds and bruises to his elbows and legs. He also experienced persistent lightheadedness after the accident. Because he was not able to go to work for the duration of time, he lost an income. The company immediately accepted legal liability and cooperated with OSHA representatives. Mohammed was given $7,000 accident compensation with regard to his occupational injuries and loss of income. Â  Mohammed soon recovered from his injuries and started looking for another work. But because of his specialization and experience, he was not able to make it outside of the construction industry. Another construction company hired him as a fitter. On August 1997 Mohammed was working with other workers at a height of more or less 25-30 feet, tightening top covers of a massive boiler. In order to access the top portion of the boiler, he uses a ladder. Unfortunately, one of the covers had a crack which made it difficult for Mohammed to tighten. Thus, he applied excessive force to tighten the cracked cover. Yet, while he did so, the bottom of the ladder slipped and he fell to the floor. Mohammed sustained back injuries, plus a spinal fracture and wounds to his hips and legs. He was forced to take an indefinite leave to recover but, because of the severity of his injuries and wounds, he was not able to go back to work for the construction company and had to look for a less labor-inten sive occupation. This second occupational accident left Mohammed with permanently limited physical activity and currently necessitates help with tasks he could do independently in the past, like woodwork and farming.